关于科研设备物资采购制度改革的实施建议

采购制度改革是“十五”期间解放羊提出的一项重要课题。根据上级有关改革精神和要求,分析防化研究院科研设备物资采购管理现状。并提出改革总体思路和具体措施。     

支持向量机在弹药训练消耗量预测中的应用

针对部队平时弹药训练消耗量预测过程中,样本采集数目较少的实际情况,采用了一种新的预测方法———支持向量机。该方法基于统计学习理论的原理,较好地解决了小样本的学习问题。并以某部队1997—2002年弹药训练消耗量为学习样本,建立了弹药年消耗量的预测模型。计算结果表明,这种方法比传统的方法有更少的误差和更好的预测精度。     

Protection of armoured vehicles against chemical,biological and radiological contamination

The article presents problems related to mechanical protection of vehicles with different add-on armours against chemical,biological and radiological contamination.This applies to vehicles with additional passive,reactive and hybrid protection in the form of cassettes against piercing with anti-tank pro-jectiles,piercing with their kinetic energy of impact,and as a result of chemical energy of shaped charges as well as explosively formed projectiles.It has been shown how increased ballistic protection of these vehicles at the same time reduces their decontaminability in various places of the vehicle due to the increased additional surface of the vehicle with cassettes.Prevention of contamination of these cassettes has been presented as a way of reducing hard to reach surface for decontamination and a method of insulating construction elements(stands),fixing these cassettes to the vehicle,from the environment to prevent contact with contaminated liquids and dusts.The selection of appropriate materials is shown,which may affect the improvement of the decontamination efficiency of the vehicle with such cassettes.This applies to the use of materials with low absorption of chemical warfare agents,which prevent the accumulation of large amounts of these agents on contaminated surfaces and improve the effectiveness of decontamination.It also shows how to ensure better access of the disinfectant to as much of the vehicle surface as possible,covered with cassettes that have been contaminated.It shows how a vehicle,in particular with such cassettes,can provide protection against radar detection when Radar Absorbent Material is used on vehicle cassettes.     

Improving the damage potential of W-Zr reactive structure material under extreme loading condition

Projectiles made of reactive structure materials(RSM)can damage the target with not only kinetic but also chemical energy,but the enhanced damage potential of RSM may become compromised if extreme loading condition disintegrates the projectile before the target is reached.In this work,a ductile coating of Ni was introduced to a tungsten-zirconium(W-Zr)alloy,a typical brittle RSM,to preserve the damage potential of the projectile.Detonation driving tests were carried out with X-ray photography and gun-powder deflagration driving tests were carried out with high-speed photography for the coated and uncoated RSM samples,respectively.The craters on the witness target were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction.The Ni coating was found to effectively preserve the damage potential of the W-Zr alloy under extreme loading conditions,whereas the uncoated sample fractured and ignited before impacting the target in both detonation and deflagration driving.The crack propa-gation between the reactively brittle core and the ductile coating was analyzed based on the crack arrest theory to mechanistically demonstrate how the coating improves the structural integrity and preserves the damage potential of the projectile.Specifically,the Ni coating envelops the W-Zr core until the coated sphere penetrates the target,and the coating is then eroded and worn to release the reactive core for the projectile to damage the target more intensively.     

复合材料层合结构的非线性传热分析

基于一阶热层合理论,考虑材料非线性的影响,建立了复合材料层合结构非线性传热分析的热层合理论及其有限元方程.通过数值算例研究了材料非线性对反对称复合材料层合板瞬态温度场的影响.     

硬脆材料的缓进给半塑性化磨削

分析了用缓进给方法实现硬脆材料半塑性化磨削的机理，提出了衡量半塑性化磨削效果的破碎率指标，介绍了实验方法和实验结果，对实验结果进行了分析比较。实验结果表明，在普通磨床上可实现硬脆材料的半塑性化磨削，采用缓进给磨削方法可以显著地提高半塑性化磨削的效果。     

基于可编程控制器的发动机油耗测量系统研究

通过分析现有发动机耗油率测试系统的不足,研究设计了一套用可编程控制器测量发动机耗油率的测试系统,设计了相应的电路,编制了测试软件,并分析了测试系统的精度．实机试验表明,该耗油率测试系统具有测量精度高、操作简便等特点．     

某型锅炉蒸发管束选材方案的探讨

通过对КВΓ－７６型锅炉蒸发管束强度计算的分析验算,发现原设计在某些参数的选取上存在明显的误差,导致选材要求过高．经过论证,得出可用普通碳素钢管替代低合金钢管的结论．     

抗超高速撞击多层结构复合材料研究

本文介绍了抗超高速撞击多层结构复合材料的设计、制备和实验,并对结果进行了讨论,实验证明,以SiC陶瓷基复合材料为防护层、以空心微珠或多孔变密度复合材料为缓冲层、以编织物复合材料为结构层的多层结构复合材料,具有面密度低、抗撞击速度范围宽、抗撞击性能好的特点。     

多层吸波和多层透波材料阻抗匹配问题研究

本文使用多目标目标函数对一种特殊结构的电磁波吸收材料的电磁参数进行了优化计算,给出了5～15GHz 频带内的几组吸收率大于20db 的设计参数以及这些参数对应的垂直极化波、平行极化波入射角0°、20°、45°、60°情况下的吸收曲线。计算结果表明:只要优选各层参数,即使某些“夹层”不具有吸收性能仍可得到极好的吸波特性;单纯的电吸收或单纯的磁吸收都难以获得高的吸波效能;良好的阻抗匹配并不一定要在阻抗“渐变过程”情况下实现;对于出射波侧是自由空间的透波材料,用不具有吸收性能的材料,良好的匹配只在各层ε_(?)≈μ_(?)情况下得到。